Shigella flexneri, the pathogen responsible for bacillary dysentery, has evolved multiple strategies to control the inflammatory response.Here, we show that Shigella subverts the subcellular trafficking of the intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1), a key molecule in immune cell recruitment, in a mechanism dependent on the injected bacterial en

Arctic coastal erosion demands more attention as the global climate continues to change.Unlike those along low-latitude and mid-latitude, sediments along Arctic coastlines are often frozen, even during summer.Thermal and mechanical factors must be considered together when analysing Arctic coastal erosion.Two major erosion mechanisms in the Arctic h

Previously we presented Swarm v1, a novel and open source amplicon clustering program that produced fine-scale molecular operational taxonomic units (OTUs), free of arbitrary global clustering thresholds and input-order dependency.Swarm v1 worked with an initial phase that used iterative single-linkage with a local clustering threshold (d), followe

Alvin Toffler from "Future Shock" (1982) fame may be regarded as the futurist who gave renewed impetus to social responsibility.Big business has marked social responsibility as a priority on Folder their business agenda.Successful organisations, such as the Anglo-American Corporation, Barlows, Murray and Roberts, and food chains like Checkers and P

The Munake grape is a local variety of grape that is widely distributed in Xinjiang, China.This study aims to clarify the genetic structure of the Munake grape DENSITY MATERIAL population, characterize genetic differentiation and gene flow among populations, gather germplasm, and establish the core germplasm collection.In total, 144 samples were co